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The vital roles played by small RNA molecules in gene regulation and a myriad of cellular processes are undeniably essential within the realms of biological sciences. This extensive review encompasses a deep exploration into the complex nature of small RNA. We examine its definition, the diversity of its types, its multifaceted functions, as well as […]
1992 Bisulfite Treatment for Methylation Samples Commonly referred to as BS conversion, it involves treating methylated samples with bisulfite (abbreviated as "BS"), where "conversion" refers to the process by which unmethylated cytosines (C) are converted to uracils (U) and eventually to thymines (T) through PCR amplification, while methylated cytosines (5mC) are preserved. 2003 Pyrosequencing Pyrosequencing […]
In the realm of modern biology, unlocking the complexities of genomes has been significantly propelled by next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies. Among these, the sequencing-by-synthesis (SBS) chemistry, in tandem with the esteemed DRAGEN Bio-IT platform, stands out for its unparalleled accuracy in delivering whole genome sequencing (WGS) data. However, the quest for understanding the entirety of […]
The NextSeq Sequencing Systems from Illumina is a powerful and versatile system for high-throughput sequencing applications. It’s designed to deliver rapid and accurate results across various sequencing workflows, making it a popular choice for research, clinical, and applied genomics projects. This series is available in a variety of models Illumina NextSeq500, NextSeq550, NextSeq1000 and NextSeq […]
What is rRNA? Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) serves as the foundational framework of the ribosome, a vital organelle orchestrating protein synthesis. Unlike messenger RNA (mRNA), which carries genetic instructions for protein assembly, rRNA is a non-coding RNA that facilitates the actual process within the ribosome. Derived from ribosomal DNA (rDNA), rRNA collaborates with ribosomal proteins to construct […]
Pyrophosphate sequencing represents an innovative enzymatic cascade chemiluminescence sequencing method driven by four key enzymes: DNA polymerase, ATP sulfurylase, luciferase, and adenosine triphosphate bisphosphatase (apyrase). This cutting-edge technology enables real-time detection of biological light signals emitted during DNA synthesis, setting a groundbreaking precedent for simultaneous sequencing and synthesis. In the realm of early tumor screening […]
What is Exon? A coding sequence within a fragmented gene, an exon (expressed region) constitutes a vital segment of a eukaryotic gene. It remains conserved post-splicing and serves as the basis for protein expression during protein biosynthesis. These nucleotide sequences are present in both the initial transcription product and the mature RNA molecule. Genome encompasses […]
The study of population evolution relies on advanced genomic techniques like whole-genome resequencing or other sequencing methods. These technologies enable the acquisition of genomic data from diverse subpopulations within a species. By extracting extensive variant information such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), insertions/deletions (InDel), structural variations (SV), and copy number variations (CNV), researchers delve into […]
Science’s understanding of genetics primarily focuses on the alterations in gene expression caused by genetic sequence modifications, encompassing gene mutations, heterogeneous loss, and microsatellite instability. Contrastingly, epigenetics considers the changes in gene expression attributable to non-genomic sequence variations, such as DNA methylation and modifications in chromatin conformation. The broader field of epigenomics is dedicated to the genomic […]
What is Agrobacterium-Mediated Plant Transformation? Agrobacterium, a soil-dwelling bacterium, can chemotactically infect a wide array of dicotyledonous plants. Exploiting wounded areas of the plant, Agrobacterium induces the formation of crown gall tumors or hairy roots. Within Agrobacterium‘s Ti and Ri plasmids resides a crucial fragment of transfer DNA known as T-DNA. This T-DNA has the remarkable capability […]
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