What Is Sanger Sequencing? Sanger sequencing, also known as the “chain termination method,” was developed by the English biochemist Frederick Sanger and his colleagues in 1977. This method is designed for determining the sequence of nucleotide bases in a piece of DNA (commonly less than 1,000 bp in length). Sanger sequencing with 99.99% base accuracy […]
What Is Chloroplast Chloroplasts, cellular organelles also referred to as plastids, are present in plant cells and certain protozoa such as algae and cyanobacteria. They serve as the site for the synthesis of proteins encoded by chloroplast DNA and play a pivotal role in photosynthesis. Indeed, chloroplasts act as the cell’s food producers, converting solar […]
Mitochondria are recognized as the powerhouse of the cell since they help convert oxygen and nutrients into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy currency of the cell. Mitochondria are small organelles (usually 0.75~3 micrometers), found in nearly all types of human cells except mature red blood cells, as well as cells of other eukaryotes (such as […]
What is a DNA Microarray? Microarray is a common laboratory tool for detecting gene expression or gene mutations in a high throughput manner. These slides are also known as gene chips or DNA chips. Thousands of probes (with known identity) are immobilized on a microscope slides or silicon chips or nylon membrane, with thousands of […]
Next generation sequencing (NGS), high-throughput sequencing, or massively parallel sequencing are related terms that describe the DNA sequencing technology which has revolutionized the biological research. Characterized by ultra-high throughput, scalability, and speed, NGS enables researchers to sequence a human genome within a single day, which Sanger sequencing took over a decade to accomplish the final […]
Illumina, established in 1998 in San Diego, CA, is a leading company in the field of sequencing. In 2006, Illumina acquired Solexa, got the next-generation high-throughput sequencing technology and developed it into a mainstream technology on the market. It currently provides sequencing systems such as MiSeq, HiSeq 2500, HiSeq 3000, HiSeq 4000, HiSeq X Ten, […]
Microsatellites, also known as simple tandem repeats (STRs), are simple repeat sequences distributing in eukaryotic genomes, which are composed of 2 ~ 6 nucleotide tandem repeats. The repeating times in individual are variable, therefore, the application of microsatellite markers is very extensive. Microsatellite loci is usually amplified by PCR. PCR products are analyzed by electrophoresis […]
Like many researchers to do hundreds of pieces of Southern blots, I first used PCR genotyping with soon efficiency. It no longer needed such as a few days to see the results and no longer needed DNA microscopic images or UV. With the continuous progress of technology, RCR makes the genomics and transcriptomics change dramatically, […]
The PacBio RS system is the third generation sequencing platform based on the SMRT sequencing system which is invented by Pacific Biosciences company. It can do the job of sample preparation, sequencing and sequencing read in one day. It has some advantages that the second generation sequencing technology doesn’t have: splicing of a large amount […]
What is SNP? SNP is the abbreviation of a single nucleotide polymorphism. It is the DNA sequence polymorphism caused by variation of single nucleotide, including the transition, transversion, insertion and deficiency of a single base. On average, one in 1,000 nucleotides in human genome is SNP. There are more than three million SNPs in the […]
Sample Submission Guidelines