Introduction to Cancer Molecular Markers Cancer, as a group of complex and prevalent diseases, has always been the focus of biomedical research. In cancer research, molecular markers, as important biomarkers, provide strong support for the early diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment selection of cancer. Molecular markers, at the level of genes, proteins, or metabolites, are specific […]
The integration of molecular markers into plant breeding traces its origins to the late 20th century, when advancements in molecular biology began to unravel the genetic architecture of crops. Early efforts focused on restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs), which provided the first glimpses into genetic diversity at the DNA level. Over decades, this field has […]
What are SNPs? Single nucleotide polymorphisms, commonly called SNPs (pronounced “snips”), are the most frequent type of genetic variation among people, accounting for more than 90% of all differences between unrelated individuals. A SNP represents a difference in a single nucleotide. The DNA sequence contains four types of nucleotide bases: A (adenine), C (cytosine), G […]
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