Introduction to Cancer Molecular Markers Cancer, as a group of complex and prevalent diseases, has always been the focus of biomedical research. In cancer research, molecular markers, as important biomarkers, provide strong support for the early diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment selection of cancer. Molecular markers, at the level of genes, proteins, or metabolites, are specific […]
Plant RNA Extraction Overview In the extensive domain of molecular biology, the extraction of RNA from plants is recognized as a fundamental procedure in the study of gene expression, functional genomics, and transcriptomics. RNA,a conduit for genetic information, plays a pivotal role in various aspects of plant growth, development, and response to environmental stresses. However, […]
The integration of molecular markers into plant breeding traces its origins to the late 20th century, when advancements in molecular biology began to unravel the genetic architecture of crops. Early efforts focused on restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs), which provided the first glimpses into genetic diversity at the DNA level. Over decades, this field has […]
In contemporary biological research, the handling of high-dimensional data has emerged as a significant challenge. For instance, in the analysis of microbial communities and gene expression data, samples often encompass thousands of features (such as Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) or gene expression values). Direct analysis of these high-dimensional datasets not only involves substantial computational effort […]
In the realm of genomics research, the error rate serves as a critical indicator of the reliability associated with sequencing technologies. Elevated error rates can result in false positive or false negative variant detections, consequently affecting the completeness and accuracy of genome assembly. PacBio and Nanopore are two prominent representatives of long-read sequencing technologies that […]
RNA virus belongs to the first class of virus classification, and its core feature is that the genetic material is RNA rather than DNA. This kind of virus widely exists in nature, including many pathogens that have great influence on human health, such as influenza virus, HIV, novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and so on. According to […]
In the realm of epigenetics, histone modification constitutes a crucial research area. It involves a series of chemical alterations to histones subsequent to translation. These modifications do not modify the DNA sequence but exert a substantial impact on gene expression and chromatin structure. Introduction of Histone Modification Histone modification refers to the chemical modification of […]
Epigenetic modification represents a sophisticated regulatory mechanism in biology. It involves the modulation of gene expression through chemical alterations or changes in chromatin structure, all while leaving the underlying DNA sequence intact. This mode of regulation has far – reaching implications for a wide range of biological processes, from cellular differentiation during development to the […]
Chromatin remodeling refers to the process of changing the chromatin structure by regulating factors such as transcription factors, histone modifying enzymes and ATP-dependent remodeling complexes. This process includes changing nucleosome density, nucleosome assembly mode, and even adjusting the structure of the whole chromatin region, which directly affects chromatin accessibility and gene expression. What is Chromatin […]
Introduction Within cellular biology, chromosomes and chromatin function as essential vehicles for genetic material, fulfilling crucial functions during various phases of cellular existence. Chromatin represents the intricate association of DNA with proteins residing in the nuclear compartment, while chromosomes emerge as highly condensed formations when cells undergo division. These structures collaborate to maintain genomic integrity […]
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